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BAI, or the BAI file format, is a file format for performing electronic cash management balance reporting. The BAI format was developed and previously maintained by the Bank Administration Institute (BAI). [ 1] One common application of the BAI format is for use by banks to transmit returned item data to customers (for example, checks which ...
Equivalent annual cost. In finance, the equivalent annual cost ( EAC) is the cost per year of owning and operating an asset over its entire lifespan. It is calculated by dividing the negative NPV of a project by the "present value of annuity factor": where r is the annual interest rate and. t is the number of years.
Endogenous money is an economy’s supply of money that is determined endogenously —that is, as a result of the interactions of other economic variables, rather than exogenously (autonomously) by an external authority such as a central bank . The theoretical basis of this position is that money comes into existence through the requirements of ...
In some economics textbooks, the supply-demand equilibrium in the markets for money and reserves is represented by a simple so-called money multiplier relationship between the monetary base of the central bank and the resulting money supply including commercial bank deposits. This is a short-hand simplification which disregards several other ...
Free banking is a monetary arrangement where banks are free to issue their own paper currency ( banknotes) while also being subject to no special regulations beyond those applicable to most enterprises. In a free banking system, market forces control the total quantity of banknotes and deposits that can be supported by any given stock of cash ...
Macroeconomics. Money creation, or money issuance, is the process by which the money supply of a country, or an economic or monetary region, [ note 1] is increased. In most modern economies, money is created by both central banks and commercial banks. Money issued by central banks is a liability, typically called reserve deposits, and is only ...
Financial system. A financial system is a system that allows the exchange of funds between financial market participants such as lenders, investors, and borrowers. Financial systems operate at national and global levels. [ 1] Financial institutions consist of complex, closely related services, markets, and institutions intended to provide an ...
The Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) is a payment integration initiative of the European Union for simplification of bank transfers denominated in euros.As of 2020, there were 36 members in SEPA, [2] consisting of the 27 member states of the European Union, the four member states of the European Free Trade Association (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland), and the United Kingdom.