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  2. Streamflow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streamflow

    Streamflow. Streamflow, or channel runoff, is the flow of water in streams and other channels, and is a major element of the water cycle. It is one runoff component, the movement of water from the land to waterbodies, the other component being surface runoff. Water flowing in channels comes from surface runoff from adjacent hillslopes, from ...

  3. Water cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cycle

    The water cycle (or hydrologic cycle or hydrological cycle ), is a biogeochemical cycle that involves the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time. However, the partitioning of the water into the major reservoirs of ice, fresh water, salt water and ...

  4. Dazzle camouflage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dazzle_camouflage

    Dazzle camouflage. Dazzle camouflage, also known as razzle dazzle (in the U.S.) or dazzle painting, is a family of ship camouflage that was used extensively in World War I, and to a lesser extent in World War II and afterwards. Credited to the British marine artist Norman Wilkinson, though with a rejected prior claim by the zoologist John ...

  5. Hydraulic analogy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_analogy

    If one terminal is kept fixed at ground, another analogy is a large body of water at a high elevation, sufficiently large that the drawn water does not affect the water level. To create the analog of an ideal current source , use a positive displacement pump : A current meter (little paddle wheel ) shows that when this kind of pump is driven at ...

  6. Shallow water equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallow_water_equations

    The one-dimensional (1-D) Saint-Venant equations were derived by Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant, and are commonly used to model transient open-channel flow and surface runoff. They can be viewed as a contraction of the two-dimensional (2-D) shallow-water equations, which are also known as the two-dimensional Saint-Venant equations.

  7. Plume (fluid dynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plume_(fluid_dynamics)

    Plume (fluid dynamics) Controlled burn of oil creating a smoke plume. In hydrodynamics, a plume or a column is a vertical body of one fluid moving through another. Several effects control the motion of the fluid, including momentum (inertia), diffusion and buoyancy (density differences). Pure jets and pure plumes define flows that are driven ...

  8. Pressure flow hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_Flow_Hypothesis

    The pressure flow hypothesis, also known as the mass flow hypothesis, is the best-supported theory to explain the movement of sapthrough the phloemof plants. [1][2]It was proposed by Ernst Münch, a Germanplant physiologistin 1930.[3] Organic moleculessuch as sugars, amino acids, certain hormones, and messenger RNAsare known to be transported ...

  9. Streeter–Phelps equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streeter–Phelps_equation

    The simple Streeter–Phelps model is based on the assumptions that a single BOD input is distributed evenly at the cross section of a stream or river and that it moves as plug flow with no mixing in the river. [8] Furthermore, only one DO sink (carbonaceous BOD) and one DO source (reaeration) is considered in the classical Streeter–Phelps ...