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Computer architecture. Block diagram of a basic computer with uniprocessor CPU. Black lines indicate control flow, whereas red lines indicate data flow. Arrows indicate the direction of flow. In computer science and computer engineering, computer architecture is a description of the structure of a computer system made from component parts. [ 1]
A system architecture primarily concentrates on the internal interfaces among the system's components or subsystems, and on the interface (s) between the system and its external environment, especially the user. (In the specific case of computer systems, this latter, special, interface is known as the computer human interface, AKA human ...
An operating system ( OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs . Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, peripherals, and ...
[19] [20] IBM first used ICs in computers for the logic of the System/360 Model 85 shipped in 1969 and then made extensive use of ICs in its System/370 which began shipment in 1971. The integrated circuit enabled the development of much smaller computers. The minicomputer was a significant innovation in the 1960s and 1970s. It brought computing ...
A von Neumann architecture scheme. The von Neumann architecture —also known as the von Neumann model or Princeton architecture —is a computer architecture based on a 1945 description by John von Neumann, and by others, in the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. [ 1 ] The document describes a design architecture for an electronic digital ...
Flynn's taxonomy. Flynn's taxonomy is a classification of computer architectures, proposed by Michael J. Flynn in 1966 [ 1] and extended in 1972. [ 2] The classification system has stuck, and it has been used as a tool in the design of modern processors and their functionalities. Since the rise of multiprocessing central processing units (CPUs ...
PLATO ( Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations ), [ 1][ 2] also known as Project Plato[ 3] and Project PLATO, was the first generalized computer-assisted instruction system. Starting in 1960, it ran on the University of Illinois 's ILLIAC I computer. By the late 1970s, it supported several thousand graphics terminals distributed ...
e. Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, and information theory) to applied disciplines (including the design and implementation of hardware and software ). [ 4][ 5][ 6] Algorithms and data structures are ...