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v. t. e. Systems theory is the transdisciplinary [ 1] study of systems, i.e. cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or artificial. Every system has causal boundaries, is influenced by its context, defined by its structure, function and role, and expressed through its relations with other systems.
Complex systems. Systems biology is the computational and mathematical analysis and modeling of complex biological systems. It is a biology -based interdisciplinary field of study that focuses on complex interactions within biological systems, using a holistic approach ( holism instead of the more traditional reductionism) to biological research.
Living systems. Living systems are life forms (or, more colloquially known as living things) treated as a system. They are said to be open self-organizing and said to interact with their environment. These systems are maintained by flows of information, energy and matter. Multiple theories of living systems have been proposed.
Last universal common ancestor. The last universal common ancestor ( LUCA) is the hypothesized common ancestral cell from which the three domains of life, the Bacteria, the Archaea, and the Eukarya originated. The cell had a lipid bilayer; it possessed the genetic code and ribosomes which translated from DNA or RNA to proteins.
Modelling biological systems. Modelling biological systems is a significant task of systems biology and mathematical biology. [ a] Computational systems biology[ b][ 1] aims to develop and use efficient algorithms, data structures, visualization and communication tools with the goal of computer modelling of biological systems.
Tree of life (biology) The tree of life or universal tree of life is a metaphor, conceptual model, and research tool used to explore the evolution of life and describe the relationships between organisms, both living and extinct, as described in a famous passage in Charles Darwin 's On the Origin of Species (1859). [ 1]
Synthetic biology ( SynBio) is a multidisciplinary field of science that focuses on living systems and organisms, and it applies engineering principles to develop new biological parts, devices, and systems or to redesign existing systems found in nature. [ 1]
Ecosystem model. A structural diagram of the open ocean plankton ecosystem model of Fasham, Ducklow & McKelvie (1990). [ 1] An ecosystem model is an abstract, usually mathematical, representation of an ecological system (ranging in scale from an individual population, to an ecological community, or even an entire biome ), which is studied to ...