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2. Geographic coordinate system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system

   v. t. e. A geographic coordinate system ( GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [ 1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.

3. Ecliptic coordinate system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic_coordinate_system

   The signs approximately corresponded to the constellations crossed by the ecliptic. Longitudes were specified in signs, degrees, minutes, and seconds. For example, a longitude of ♌ 19° 55′ 58″ is 19.933° east of the start of the sign Leo. Since Leo begins 120° from the March equinox, the longitude in modern form is 139° 55′ 58″.

4. Longitude - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude

   Longitude ( / ˈlɒndʒɪtjuːd /, AU and UK also / ˈlɒŋɡɪ -/) [ 1][ 2] is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east – west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek letter lambda (λ). Meridians are imaginary ...

5. ISO 6709 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709

   ISO 6709, Standard representation of geographic point location by coordinates, is the international standard for representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations. The first edition ( ISO 6709:1983) was developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1 /SC 32. Later the standard was transferred to ISO/TC211, Geographic information ...

6. History of longitude - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_longitude

   The history of longitude describes the centuries-long effort by astronomers, cartographers and navigators to discover a means of determining the longitude of any given place on Earth. The measurement of longitude is important to both cartography and navigation. In particular, for safe ocean navigation, knowledge of both latitude and longitude ...

7. Decimal degrees - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_degrees

   Decimal degrees ( DD) is a notation for expressing latitude and longitude geographic coordinates as decimal fractions of a degree. DD are used in many geographic information systems (GIS), web mapping applications such as OpenStreetMap, and GPS devices. Decimal degrees are an alternative to using sexagesimal degrees (degrees, minutes, and ...