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The 1947 Rawalpindi massacres (also 1947 Rawalpindi riots) refer to widespread violence, massacres, and rapes of Hindus and Sikhs by Muslim mobs in the Rawalpindi Division of the Punjab Province of British India in March 1947. The violence preceded the partition of India and was instigated and perpetrated by the Muslim League National Guards ...
Rawalpindi remained under the rule of Ghakkars until Muqrab Khan, the last Ghakkar ruler, was defeated by Sikhs in 1765. Under Sikh rule, traders were invited to settle in Rawalpindi. A thriving trade was established, but during the nineteenth century the Sikhs lost the city to the British, who established a cantonment south of the old city.
Systematic violence against women started in March 1947 in Rawalpindi where Sikh women were targeted by Muslim mobs. [7] Numerous Hindu and Sikh villages were wiped out. Huge numbers of Hindus and Sikhs were killed, [ 20 ] forcibly converted , often circumcised in public, children were kidnapped and women were abducted, paraded naked, raped ...
Sikh rule over Rawalpindi was consolidated by defeat of the Afghans at Haidaran in July 1813. [34] The Sikh rulers allied themselves with some of the local Gakhar tribes, and jointly defeated Syed Ahmad Barelvi at Akora Khattak in 1827, and again in 1831 in Balakot . [ 34 ]
Photograph of a Sikh health worker of the Karachi Plague Committee in Old Town, Karachi, by R. Jalbhoy, 1897 Gurdwara Dera Sahib, Lahore. Prior to independence in 1947, 2 million Sikhs resided in the present day Pakistan and were spread all across Northern Pakistan, specifically the Punjab region and played an important role in its economy as farmers, businessmen, and traders.
The Sikh Empire was a regional power based in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. [ 7] It existed from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849, when it was defeated and conquered by the British East India Company in the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
The Sikh Confederacy is a description of the political structure, of how all the barons' chiefdoms interacted with each other politically together in Punjab. Although misls varied in strength, the use of primarily light cavalry with a smaller amount heavy cavalry was uniform throughout all of the Sikh misls.
Sikh sects, denominations, traditions, movements, sub-traditions, also known as sampardai ( Gurmukhi: ਸੰਪਰਦਾ; saparadā) in the Punjabi language, are sub-traditions within Sikhism that believe in different approaches to practicing the religion. All sampradas believe in the One Creator God typically rejecting both idol worship and ...