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  2. Atmospheric optics ray-tracing codes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_optics_ray...

    Atmospheric optics ray-tracing codes. Atmospheric optics ray tracing codes - this article list codes for light scattering using ray-tracing technique to study atmospheric optics phenomena such as rainbows and halos. Such particles can be large raindrops or hexagonal ice crystals. Such codes are one of many approaches to calculations of light ...

  3. Atmospheric radiative transfer codes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_radiative...

    The radiative transfer equation is a monochromatic equation to calculate radiance in a single layer of the Earth's atmosphere. To calculate the radiance for a spectral region with a finite width (e.g., to estimate the Earth's energy budget or simulate an instrument response), one has to integrate this over a band of frequencies (or wavelengths).

  4. Light scattering by particles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_scattering_by_particles

    Light scattering by particles is the process by which small particles (e.g. ice crystals, dust, atmospheric particulates, cosmic dust, and blood cells) scatter light causing optical phenomena such as the blue color of the sky, and halos . Maxwell's equations are the basis of theoretical and computational methods describing light scattering, but ...

  5. Ray tracing (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(physics)

    Ray tracing (physics) In physics, ray tracing is a method for calculating the path of waves or particles through a system with regions of varying propagation velocity, absorption characteristics, and reflecting surfaces. Under these circumstances, wavefronts may bend, change direction, or reflect off surfaces, complicating analysis.

  6. Radio propagation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_propagation

    Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves as they travel, or are propagated, from one point to another in vacuum, or into various parts of the atmosphere. [ 1]: 26‑1 As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and ...

  7. List of ray tracing software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ray_tracing_software

    List of ray tracing software. Ray tracing is a technique that can generate near photo-realistic computer images. A wide range of free software and commercial software is available for producing these images. This article lists notable ray-tracing software. Software.

  8. Ray transfer matrix analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_transfer_matrix_analysis

    The ray tracing technique is based on two reference planes, called the input and output planes, each perpendicular to the optical axis of the system. At any point along the optical train an optical axis is defined corresponding to a central ray; that central ray is propagated to define the optical axis further in the optical train which need ...

  9. Category:Atmospheric radiative transfer codes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Atmospheric...

    S. Simple Model of the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer of Sunshine. Streamer (software) Categories: Physics software. Atmospheric radiation. Scattering, absorption and radiative transfer codes.