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The word energy derives from the Ancient Greek: ἐνέργεια, romanized: energeia, lit. 'activity, operation', [3] which possibly appears for the first time in the work of Aristotle in the 4th century BC. In contrast to the modern definition, energeia was a qualitative philosophical concept, broad enough to include ideas such as happiness ...
In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the form of energy that it possesses due to its motion. [ 1 ] In classical mechanics , the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass m traveling at a speed v is 1 2 m v 2 {\textstyle {\frac {1}{2}}mv^{2}} .
In physics, potential energy is the energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors. [ 1][ 2] The term potential energy was introduced by the 19th-century Scottish engineer and physicist William Rankine, [ 3][ 4][ 5] although it has links to the ancient ...
General. Energy is a scalar quantity and the mechanical energy of a system is the sum of the potential energy (which is measured by the position of the parts of the system) and the kinetic energy (which is also called the energy of motion): [ 1][ 2] The potential energy, U, depends on the position of an object subjected to gravity or some other ...
An energy unit that is used in atomic physics, particle physics and high energy physics is the electronvolt (eV). One eV is equivalent to 1.602 176 634 × 10−19 J. [ 2] In spectroscopy the unit cm −1 ≈ 0.000 123 9842 eV is used to represent energy since energy is inversely proportional to wavelength from the equation .
Energy–momentum relation. In physics, the energy–momentum relation, or relativistic dispersion relation, is the relativistic equation relating total energy (which is also called relativistic energy) to invariant mass (which is also called rest mass) and momentum. It is the extension of mass–energy equivalence for bodies or systems with ...
The free energy is the portion of any first-law energy that is available to perform thermodynamic work at constant temperature, i.e., work mediated by thermal energy. Free energy is subject to irreversible loss in the course of such work. [ 1] Since first-law energy is always conserved, it is evident that free energy is an expendable, second ...
Energy transformation, also known as energy conversion, is the process of changing energy from one form to another. [ 1] In physics, energy is a quantity that provides the capacity to perform work or moving (e.g. lifting an object) or provides heat. In addition to being converted, according to the law of conservation of energy, energy is ...
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