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It communicates through the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) to receive routine commands and to transmit data to Earth. Real-time distance and velocity data are provided by NASA and JPL. [4] At a distance of 164.0 AU (24.5 billion km; 15.2 billion mi) from Earth as of August 2024, [4] it is the most distant human-made object from Earth. [5]
With the circumference of the Earth being approximately 40,000 km (24,855 mi), the maximum distance that can be displayed on an azimuthal equidistant projection map is half the circumference, or about 20,000 km (12,427 mi). For distances less than 10,000 km (6,214 mi) distortions are minimal.
A satellite navigation or satnav system is a system that uses satellites to provide autonomous geopositioning. A satellite navigation system with global coverage is termed global navigation satellite system ( GNSS ). As of 2024, four global systems are operational: the United States 's Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia 's Global ...
The aircraft shown here, Chicago, led the first round the world flight in 1924. The first aerial circumnavigation of the world was completed in 1924 by four aviators from an eight-man team of the United States Army Air Service, the precursor of the United States Air Force. The 175-day journey from April to September covered over 26,345 miles ...
The Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF ), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents locations in the vicinity of the Earth (including its surface, interior, atmosphere, and surrounding outer space) as X, Y, and Z measurements from its center of mass.
Graphs of distances to the true horizon on Earth for a given height h. s is along the surface of Earth, d is the straight line distance, and ~d is the approximate straight line distance assuming h << the radius of Earth, 6371 km. In the SVG image, hover over a graph to highlight it.
There are charts for all land masses on Earth, and long-distance charts for trans-oceanic travel. Specific charts are used for each phase of a flight and may vary from a map of a particular airport facility to an overview of the instrument routes covering an entire continent (e.g., global navigation charts), and many types in between.
Low Earth orbit. A view from a space station in a low Earth orbit (LEO) at about 400 km (250 mi), with yellow-green airglow visible at Earth's horizon, where roughly at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) the boundary between Earth and outer space lies and flying speeds reach orbital velocities. A low Earth orbit ( LEO) is an orbit around Earth with ...