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The square root function maps rational numbers into algebraic numbers, the latter being a superset of the rational numbers). For all real numbers x , (see absolute value ). For all nonnegative real numbers x and y , and. The square root function is continuous for all nonnegative x, and differentiable for all positive x.
Complex number. A complex number can be visually represented as a pair of numbers (a, b) forming a vector on a diagram called an Argand diagram, representing the complex plane. Re is the real axis, Im is the imaginary axis, and i is the "imaginary unit", that satisfies i2 = −1. In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system ...
Spiral of Theodorus. The spiral of Theodorus up to the triangle with a hypotenuse of. In geometry, the spiral of Theodorus (also called the square root spiral, Pythagorean spiral, or Pythagoras's snail) [1] is a spiral composed of right triangles, placed edge-to-edge. It was named after Theodorus of Cyrene .
Quadratic equation. In mathematics, a quadratic equation (from Latin quadratus ' square ') is an equation that can be rearranged in standard form as [1] where x represents an unknown value, and a, b, and c represent known numbers, where a ≠ 0. (If a = 0 and b ≠ 0 then the equation is linear, not quadratic.)
Vieta's formulas relate the polynomial coefficients to signed sums of products of the roots r1, r2, ..., rn as follows: (*) Vieta's formulas can equivalently be written as for k = 1, 2, ..., n (the indices ik are sorted in increasing order to ensure each product of k roots is used exactly once). The left-hand sides of Vieta's formulas are the ...
For negative real radicands, and odd exponents, the principal n th root is not real, although the usual n th root is real. Analytic continuation shows that the principal n th root is the unique complex differentiable function that extends the usual n th root to the complex plane without the nonpositive real numbers.
Newton's method is one of many known methods of computing square roots. Given a positive number a, the problem of finding a number x such that x2 = a is equivalent to finding a root of the function f(x) = x2 − a. The Newton iteration defined by this function is given by.
In general, if / < <, then x has two positive square super-roots between 0 and 1; and if >, then x has one positive square super-root greater than 1. If x is positive and less than e − 1 / e {\displaystyle e^{-1/e}} it does not have any real square super-roots, but the formula given above yields countably infinitely many complex ones for any ...
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