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Trachtenberg system. The Trachtenberg system is a system of rapid mental calculation. The system consists of a number of readily memorized operations that allow one to perform arithmetic computations very quickly. It was developed by the Russian engineer Jakow Trachtenberg in order to keep his mind occupied while being in a Nazi concentration ...
For example, to add 3 and 4 together, the expression is 3 4 + rather than 3 + 4. The conventional notation expression 3 − 4 + 5 becomes 3 4 − 5 + in reverse Polish notation: 4 is first subtracted from 3, then 5 is added to it. The concept of a stack, a last-in/first-out construct, is integral to the left-to-right evaluation of RPN.
Order of operations. In mathematicsand computer programming, the order of operationsis a collection of rules that reflect conventions about which operations to perform first in order to evaluate a given mathematical expression. These rules are formalized with a ranking of the operations. The rank of an operation is called its precedence, and an ...
Ruffini's rule. In mathematics, Ruffini's rule is a method for computation of the Euclidean division of a polynomial by a binomial of the form x – r. It was described by Paolo Ruffini in 1809. [ 1] The rule is a special case of synthetic division in which the divisor is a linear factor.
[3] [4] This is a set of nine second-order differential equations. The problem can also be stated equivalently in the Hamiltonian formalism , in which case it is described by a set of 18 first-order differential equations, one for each component of the positions r i {\displaystyle \mathbf {r_{i}} } and momenta p i {\displaystyle \mathbf {p_{i}} } :
In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry between the three sides of a right triangle. It states that the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the other two sides.
The intersection point is the solution. In mathematics, a system of linear equations (or linear system) is a collection of two or more linear equations involving the same variables. [ 1] [ 2] For example, is a system of three equations in the three variables x, y, z. A solution to a linear system is an assignment of values to the variables such ...
Rules of inference are syntactical transform rules which one can use to infer a conclusion from a premise to create an argument. A set of rules can be used to infer any valid conclusion if it is complete, while never inferring an invalid conclusion, if it is sound. A sound and complete set of rules need not include every rule in the following ...