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The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs as a strategy to control HIV infection. [ 1] There are several classes of antiretroviral agents that act on different stages of the HIV life-cycle. The use of multiple drugs that act on different viral targets is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy ...
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [1] [3] ( NSAID) [1] are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, [4] decreases inflammation, decreases fever, [1] and prevents blood clots. Side effects depend on the specific drug, its dose and duration of use, but largely include an increased risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeds ...
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (aka Essential Medicines List or EML[ 1] ), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system. [ 2] The list is frequently used by countries to help develop their own local lists of ...
Pre-exposure prophylaxis is a general term for the use of medications to prevent the spread of disease in people who have not yet been exposed to a disease-causing agent. The term PrEP now typically refers to the use of antiviral drugs as a strategy for the prevention of HIV/AIDS. [ 1] PrEP is one of a number of HIV prevention strategies for ...
The challenges that those living with HIV/AIDS face can be the result of the viral infection itself or from the effects of anti-HIV therapy ( HAART ). [1] Some of the side effects from HAART that may affect how the body absorbs and utilizes nutrients include fatigue, nausea, and poor appetite. [2] The nutritional needs of people with HIV/AIDS ...
The first-line treatment is generally given to patients as an initial antiretroviral therapy and is the cheapest of the stages of treatments. [1] The first-line antiretroviral drug treatment as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) involves TDF (tenofovir), 3TC (lamivudine) or FTC (emtricitabine), and EFV (efavirenz) or dolutegravir (DTG).
Scanning electron micrograph of HIV-1, colored green, budding from a cultured lymphocyte. HIV is the cause of the spectrum of disease known as HIV/AIDS. HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects components of the human immune system such as CD4 + T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. It directly and indirectly destroys CD4 + T cells.
In the 1980s, the European Union began harmonising regulatory requirements. In 1989, Europe, Japan, and the United States began creating plans for harmonisation. The International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) was created in April 1990 at a meeting in Brussels.