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Abilene paradox. The Abilene paradox is a collective fallacy, in which a group of people collectively decide on a course of action that is counter to the preferences of most or all individuals in the group, while each individual believes it to be aligned with the preferences of most of the others. [ 1][ 2] It involves a breakdown of group ...
A child with pre-conventional morality has not yet adopted or internalized society's conventions regarding what is right or wrong but instead focuses largely on external consequences that certain actions may bring. [9] [10] [11] In Stage one (obedience and punishment driven), individuals focus on the direct consequences of their actions on ...
Social cryptomnesia, a failure by people and society in general to remember the origin of a change, in which people know that a change has occurred in society, but forget how this change occurred; that is, the steps that were taken to bring this change about, and who took these steps. This has led to reduced social credit towards the minorities ...
Social norm. Social norms are shared standards of acceptable behavior by groups. [ 1] Social norms can both be informal understandings that govern the behavior of members of a society, as well as be codified into rules and laws. [ 2] Social normative influences or social norms, are deemed to be powerful drivers of human behavioural changes and ...
Two-level utilitarianism is a utilitarian theory of ethics developed by R. M. Hare. [1] According to the theory, a person's moral decisions should be based on a set of moral rules, except in certain rare situations where it is more appropriate to engage in a 'critical' level of moral reasoning. Consequentialists believe that an action is right ...
Escalation of commitment. Escalation of commitment is a human behavior pattern in which an individual or group facing increasingly negative outcomes from a decision, action, or investment nevertheless continue the behavior instead of altering course. The actor maintains behaviors that are irrational, but align with previous decisions and actions.
Collective action refers to action taken together by a group of people whose goal is to enhance their condition and achieve a common objective. [1] It is a term that has formulations and theories in many areas of the social sciences including psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science and economics.
White privilege. v. t. e. Heteronormativity is the concept that heterosexuality is the preferred or normal sexual orientation. [ 1] It assumes the gender binary (i.e., that there are only two distinct, opposite genders) and that sexual and marital relations are most fitting between people of opposite sex.