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  2. Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Monitoring,_Analysis...

    Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology. Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology ( S.M.A.R.T., often written as SMART) is a monitoring system included in computer hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs). [1] Its primary function is to detect and report various indicators of drive reliability with the intent ...

  3. Hard disk drive performance characteristics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive...

    On SCSI hard disk drives, the SCSI controller can directly control spin up and spin down of the drives. Some Parallel ATA (PATA) and Serial ATA (SATA) hard disk drives support power-up in standby (PUIS): each drive does not spin up until the controller or system BIOS issues a specific command to do so. This allows the system to be set up to ...

  4. BIOS parameter block - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS_parameter_block

    BIOS parameter block. In computing, the BIOS parameter block, often shortened to BPB, is a data structure in the volume boot record (VBR) describing the physical layout of a data storage volume. On partitioned devices, such as hard disks, the BPB describes the volume partition, whereas, on unpartitioned devices, such as floppy disks, it ...

  5. Device configuration overlay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_configuration_overlay

    Device configuration overlay ( DCO) is a hidden area on many of today's hard disk drives (HDDs). Usually when information is stored in either the DCO or host protected area (HPA), it is not accessible by the BIOS (or UEFI ), OS, or the user. However, certain tools can be used to modify the HPA or DCO. The system uses the IDENTIFY_­DEVICE ...

  6. Error recovery control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_recovery_control

    A WDTLER.EXE utility allows the enabling or disabling of the TLER parameter on Western Digital hard drives. This utility is written for DOS. The utility works on and makes changes to all compatible Western Digital hard disk drives connected to the computer. The change survives power-cycling. Western Digital used to mention the tool in an FAQ.

  7. Hard disk drive failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive_failure

    A hard disk failure may occur in the course of normal operation, or due to an external factor such as exposure to fire or water or high magnetic fields, or suffering a sharp impact or environmental contamination, which can lead to a head crash . The stored information on a hard drive may also be rendered inaccessible as a result of data ...

  8. Logical block addressing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_block_addressing

    Logical block addressing ( LBA) is a common scheme used for specifying the location of blocks of data stored on computer storage devices, generally secondary storage systems such as hard disk drives. LBA is a particularly simple linear addressing scheme; blocks are located by an integer index, with the first block being LBA 0, the second LBA 1 ...

  9. INT 13H - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INT_13H

    INT 13H. INT 13h is shorthand for BIOS interrupt call 13 hex, the 20th interrupt vector in an x86 -based (IBM PC-descended) computer system. The BIOS typically sets up a real mode interrupt handler at this vector that provides sector-based hard disk and floppy disk read and write services using cylinder-head-sector (CHS) addressing.