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Organizational citizenship behavior. In industrial and organizational psychology, organizational citizenship behavior ( OCB) is a person's voluntary commitment within an organization or company that is not part of his or her contractual tasks. Organizational citizenship behavior has been studied since the late 1970s.
SMART criteria. A variant of the SMART model. S.M.A.R.T. (or SMART) is an acronym used as a mnemonic device to establish criteria for effective goal-setting and objective development. This framework is commonly applied in various fields, including project management, employee performance management, and personal development.
SAP's head office in Walldorf, Germany, a software design and sales company that practices affirmative action in favor of autistic workers [1]. The employment of people with autism is a social issue that is being addressed more and more frequently.
A standard operating procedure ( SOP) is a set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an organization to help workers carry out routine operations. [ 1] SOPs aim to achieve efficiency, quality output, and uniformity of performance, while reducing miscommunication and failure to comply with industry regulations. [citation needed] Some military ...
A performance appraisal, also referred to as a performance review, performance evaluation, [ 1] (career) development discussion, [ 2] or employee appraisal, sometimes shortened to "PA", [ a] is a periodic and systematic process whereby the job performance of an employee is documented and evaluated. This is done after employees are trained about ...
The task-relationship model is defined by Donelson Forsyth as "a descriptive model of leadership which maintains that most leadership behaviors can be classified as performance maintenance or relationship maintenances". [ 1] Task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership are two models which are often compared, as they are known to produce ...
Management by objectives is the process of defining specific objectives within an organization that management can convey to organization members, then deciding how to achieve each objective in sequence. This process allows managers to take work that needs to be done one step at a time to allow for a calm, yet productive work environment.
Competence (human resources) Competence is the set of demonstrable characteristics and skills that enable and improve the efficiency or performance of a job. Competency is a series of knowledge, abilities, skills, experiences and behaviors, which leads to effective performance in an individual's activities. Competency is measurable and can be ...