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In mathematics, a codomain or set of destination of a function is a set into which all of the output of the function is constrained to fall. It is the set Y in the notation f: X → Y. The term range is sometimes ambiguously used to refer to either the codomain or the image of a function. A codomain is part of a function f if f is defined as a ...
correlation. so that. where E is the expected value operator. Notably, correlation is dimensionless while covariance is in units obtained by multiplying the units of the two variables. If Y always takes on the same values as X, we have the covariance of a variable with itself (i.e. ), which is called the variance and is more commonly denoted as ...
A predicate is a statement or mathematical assertion that contains variables, sometimes referred to as predicate variables, and may be true or false depending on those variables’ value or values. In propositional logic, atomic formulas are sometimes regarded as zero-place predicates. [1] In a sense, these are nullary (i.e. 0- arity) predicates.
In logic, the symbol ⊨, ⊧ or is called the double turnstile. It is often read as "entails", "models", "is a semantic consequence of" or "is stronger than". [1] It is closely related to the turnstile symbol , which has a single bar across the middle, and which denotes syntactic consequence (in contrast to semantic ).
Amplitude-comparison monopulse refers to a common direction finding technique. This method is used in monopulse radar, electronic warfare and radio astronomy. Amplitude monopulse antennas are usually reflector antennas. [1] Illustration of sum-difference beams.
The Kendall tau distance between two series is the total number of discordant pairs. The Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient, which measures how closely related two series of numbers are, is proportional to the difference between the number of concordant pairs and the number of discordant pairs.
Mean signed deviation. In statistics, the mean signed difference ( MSD ), also known as mean signed deviation and mean signed error, is a sample statistic that summarises how well a set of estimates match the quantities that they are supposed to estimate. It is one of a number of statistics that can be used to assess an estimation procedure ...
Chain (algebraic topology) In algebraic topology, a k - chain is a formal linear combination of the k -cells in a cell complex. In simplicial complexes (respectively, cubical complexes ), k -chains are combinations of k -simplices (respectively, k -cubes), [1] [2] [3] but not necessarily connected. Chains are used in homology; the elements of a ...