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The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication. It was employed extensively by Nazi Germany during World War II, in all branches of the German military. The Enigma machine was considered so secure that it was used to encipher the most top ...
The pigpen cipher (alternatively referred to as the masonic cipher, Freemason's cipher, Rosicrucian cipher, Napoleon cipher, and tic-tac-toe cipher) [2] [3] is a geometric simple substitution cipher, which exchanges letters for symbols which are fragments of a grid. The example key shows one way the letters can be assigned to the grid.
Code talker. Choctaw soldiers in training in World War I for coded radio and telephone transmissions. A code talker was a person employed by the military during wartime to use a little-known language as a means of secret communication. The term is most often used for United States service members during the World Wars who used their knowledge ...
Alien languages, i.e. languages of extraterrestrial beings, are a hypothetical subject since none have been encountered so far. [1] The research in these hypothetical languages is variously called exolinguistics, xenolinguistics [2] or astrolinguistics. [3] [4] A group of prominent linguists and animal communication scientists, including Noam ...
A universal translator is a device common to many science fiction works, especially on television. First described in Murray Leinster 's 1945 novella "First Contact", [1] the translator's purpose is to offer an instant translation of any language . As a convention, it is used to remove the problem of translating between alien languages when it ...
The Enigma machine was used commercially from the early 1920s and was adopted by the militaries and governments of various countries—most famously, Nazi Germany. Cryptanalysis of the Enigma ciphering system enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of Morse-coded radio communications of the Axis powers that had ...
Book cipher. The King James Bible, a highly available publication suitable for the book cipher. A book cipher is a cipher in which each word or letter in the plaintext of a message is replaced by some code that locates it in another text, the key . A simple version of such a cipher would use a specific book as the key, and would replace each ...
Sumerian (Sumerian: đ’…´đ’‚ , romanized: Emeg̀ƒir, lit. '' native language '') was the language of ancient Sumer. It is one of the oldest attested languages, dating back to at least 2900 BC. It is a local language isolate that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia, in the area that is modern-day Iraq .