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A measure of disorder in the universe or of the unavailability of the energy in a system to do work. [7] Entropy and disorder also have associations with equilibrium. [8] Technically, entropy, from this perspective, is defined as a thermodynamic property which serves as a measure of how close a system is to equilibrium—that is, to perfect ...
In mathematics, the degree of a polynomial is the highest of the degrees of the polynomial's monomials (individual terms) with non-zero coefficients. The degree of a term is the sum of the exponents of the variables that appear in it, and thus is a non-negative integer. For a univariate polynomial, the degree of the polynomial is simply the ...
The lexicographical order is one way of formalizing word order given the order of the underlying symbols. The formal notion starts with a finite set A, often called the alphabet, which is totally ordered. That is, for any two symbols a and b in A that are not the same symbol, either a < b or b < a. The words of A are the finite sequences of ...
Infinitesimal. In mathematics, an infinitesimal number is a non-zero quantity that is closer to 0 than any non-zero real number is. The word infinitesimal comes from a 17th-century Modern Latin coinage infinitesimus, which originally referred to the " infinity - eth " item in a sequence. Infinitesimals do not exist in the standard real number ...
Minimax (sometimes Minmax, MM[ 1 ] or saddle point[ 2 ]) is a decision rule used in artificial intelligence, decision theory, game theory, statistics, and philosophy for minimizing the possible loss for a worst case (max imum loss) scenario. When dealing with gains, it is referred to as "maximin" – to maximize the minimum gain.
Both sums start with the value zero (or some other known value). At the end of the data word, the modulus operator is applied and the two values are combined to form the Fletcher checksum value. Sensitivity to the order of blocks is introduced because once a block is added to the first sum, it is then repeatedly added to the second sum along ...
one of the longest increasing subsequences is. 0, 2, 6, 9, 11, 15. This subsequence has length six; the input sequence has no seven-member increasing subsequences. The longest increasing subsequence in this example is not the only solution: for instance, are other increasing subsequences of equal length in the same input sequence.
Cardinal numerals are occasionally used in expressions like an order-zero approximation, an order-one approximation, etc. The omission of the word order leads to phrases that have less formal meaning. Phrases like first approximation or to a first approximation may refer to a roughly approximate value of a quantity.