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Lead time bias happens when survival time appears longer because diagnosis was done earlier (for instance, by screening), irrespective of whether the patient lived longer. Lead time is the duration of time between the detection of a disease (by screening or based on new experimental criteria) and its usual clinical presentation and diagnosis ...
In epidemiology, particularly in the discussion of infectious disease dynamics (modeling), the latent period (also known as the latency period or the pre-infectious period) is the time interval between when an individual or host is infected by a pathogen and when that individual becomes infectious, i.e. capable of transmitting pathogens to ...
Five-year survival rate. The five-year survival rate is a type of survival rate for estimating the prognosis of a particular disease, normally calculated from the point of diagnosis. [1] Lead time bias from earlier diagnosis can affect interpretation of the five-year survival rate. [2]
Epidemic curve. An epidemic curve, also known as an epi curve or epidemiological curve, is a statistical chart used in epidemiology to visualise the onset of a disease outbreak. It can help with the identification of the mode of transmission of the disease. It can also show the disease's magnitude, whether cases are clustered or if there are ...
Epidemiological transition. Diagram showing sharp birth rate and death rate decreases between Time 1 and Time 4, the congruent increase in population caused by delayed birth rate decreases, and the subsequent re-leveling of population growth by Time 5. In demography and medical geography, epidemiological transition is a theory which "describes ...
Lead poisoning, also known as plumbism and saturnism, is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body. [ 2] Symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, irritability, memory problems, infertility, and tingling in the hands and feet. [ 1] It causes almost 10% of intellectual disability of otherwise unknown cause and can ...
Incubation period (also known as the latent period or latency period) is the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical, or radiation, and when symptoms and signs are first apparent. [ 1] In a typical infectious disease, the incubation period signifies the period taken by the multiplying organism to reach a threshold ...
The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health funds the Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) program, a state-based surveillance program of laboratory-reported adult blood lead levels . In 2009, the ABLES program updated its case definition for an Elevated Blood Lead Level to a blood lead concentration equal or ...