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Structured programming. Structured programming is a programming paradigm aimed at improving the clarity, quality, and development time of a computer program by making extensive use of the structured control flow constructs of selection ( if/then/else) and repetition ( while and for ), block structures, and subroutines .
A data structure known as a hash table.. In computer science, a data structure is a data organization, and storage format that is usually chosen for efficient access to data. [1] [2] [3] More precisely, a data structure is a collection of data values, the relationships among them, and the functions or operations that can be applied to the data, [4] i.e., it is an algebraic structure about data.
Objects are instances of a class. Object-oriented programming ( OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, [ 1] which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties ), and code in the form of procedures (often known as methods ).
In computer science, a heap is a tree -based data structure that satisfies the heap property: In a max heap, for any given node C, if P is a parent node of C, then the key (the value) of P is greater than or equal to the key of C. In a min heap, the key of P is less than or equal to the key of C. [ 1] The node at the "top" of the heap (with no ...
Computer science. Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, and information theory) to applied disciplines (including the design and implementation of hardware and software ). [ 4][ 5][ 6] Algorithms and data ...
Don't repeat yourself. " Don't repeat yourself " ( DRY) is a principle of software development aimed at reducing repetition of information which is likely to change, replacing it with abstractions that are less likely to change, or using data normalization which avoids redundancy in the first place. The DRY principle is stated as "Every piece ...
Backtracking. Backtracking is a class of algorithms for finding solutions to some computational problems, notably constraint satisfaction problems, that incrementally builds candidates to the solutions, and abandons a candidate ("backtracks") as soon as it determines that the candidate cannot possibly be completed to a valid solution. [ 1]
An array is stored such that the position of each element can be computed from its index tuple by a mathematical formula. [ 1][ 2][ 3] The simplest type of data structure is a linear array, also called one-dimensional array. For example, an array of ten 32-bit (4-byte) integer variables, with indices 0 through 9, may be stored as ten words at ...