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A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized by their atomic number, electron configuration, and chemical properties. It is a useful tool for understanding the patterns and trends of the elements and their interactions. Learn more about the history, structure, and significance of the periodic table on Wikipedia.
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This is a list of chemical elements and their atomic properties, ordered by Atomic number. Since valence electrons are not clearly defined for the d-block and f-block elements, there not being a clear point at which further ionisation becomes unprofitable, a purely formal definition as number of electrons in the outermost shell has been used.
As of 2020, the most expensive non- synthetic element by both mass and volume is rhodium. It is followed by caesium, iridium and palladium by mass and iridium, gold and platinum by volume. Carbon in the form of diamond can be more expensive than rhodium. Per-kilogram prices of some synthetic radioisotopes range to trillions of dollars.
The atomic radius of a chemical element is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost shell of an electron. Since the boundary is not a well-defined physical entity, there are various non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius. Depending on the definition, the term may apply only to isolated atoms, or also to atoms in ...
Fm. Md. No. Legend. Values are in kelvin K and degrees Celsius °C, rounded. For the equivalent in degrees Fahrenheit °F, see: Boiling points of the elements (data page) Some values are predictions. Primordial From decay Synthetic Border shows natural occurrence of the element. s-block.
The history of the periodic table is also a history of the discovery of the chemical elements. The first person in recorded history to discover a new element was Hennig Brand, a bankrupt German merchant. Brand tried to discover the philosopher's stone —a mythical object that was supposed to turn inexpensive base metals into gold.