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In linguistics, word order (also known as linear order) is the order of the syntactic constituents of a language. Word order typology studies it from a cross-linguistic perspective, and examines how languages employ different orders.
Languages may be classified according to the dominant sequence of these elements in unmarked sentences (i.e., sentences in which an unusual word order is not used for emphasis). English is included in this group. An example is " Sam ate oranges." SVO is the second-most common order by number of known languages, after SOV.
In linguistic typology, a verb–subject–object (VSO) language has its most typical sentences arrange their elements in that order, as in Ate Sam oranges (Sam ate oranges). VSO is the third-most common word order among the world's languages, [1] after SOV (as in Hindi and Japanese) and SVO (as in English and Mandarin Chinese). Language families in which all or many of their members are VSO ...
In linguistic typology , object–subject (OS) word order, also called O-before-S or patient–agent word order , is a word order in which the object appears before the subject. OS is notable for its statistical rarity as a default or predominant word order among natural languages. [1] Languages with predominant OS word order display properties that distinguish them from languages with subject ...
Subcategories. This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. Object–subject–verb languages (11 P) Object–verb–subject languages (1 C, 12 P) Subject–object–verb languages (10 C, 149 P) Subject–verb–object languages (10 C, 113 P) Verb-second languages (17 P) Verb–object–subject languages ...
Additionally, freedom of word order may vary within the same language—for example, formal, literary, or archaizing varieties may have different, stricter, or more lenient constituent-order structures than an informal spoken variety of the same language.
Among natural languages with a word order preference, SOV is the most common type (followed by subject–verb–object; the two types account for more than 87% of natural languages with a preferred order).
In linguistic typology, a verb – object – subject or verb–object– agent language, which is commonly abbreviated VOS or VOA, is one in which most sentences arrange their elements in that order. That would be the equivalent in English to "Ate oranges Sam." The relatively rare default word order accounts for only 3% of the world's languages. It is the fourth-most common default word order ...