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The Italian soft c pronunciation is /tʃ/ (as in cello and ciao ), while the hard c is the same as in English. Italian orthography uses ch to indicate a hard pronunciation before e or i , analogous to English using k (as in kill and keep) and qu (as in mosquito and queue ). In addition to hard and soft c , the digraph sc represents /ʃ/ or, if ...
It doesn't apply to words like science or efficient, in which the –ie-combination does follow the letter c but isn't pronounced 'ee'." David Crystal discusses the rule in his 2012 history of English spelling. He first restricts it to the / iː / vowel, then accounts for several classes of exception.
The ology ending is a combination of the letter o plus logy in which the letter o is used as an interconsonantal letter which, for phonological reasons, precedes the morpheme suffix logy. Logy is a suffix in the English language, used with words originally adapted from Ancient Greek ending in -λογία (-logia).
s vs. x vs. z at the end of syllables: s is the most common spelling for all sibilants. The letter x appears, preceded by e and followed by one of the voiceless consonants c, p, s, t , in some words derived from Latin or Greek.
In phonology, epenthesis ( / ɪˈpɛnθəsɪs, ɛ -/; Greek ἐπένθεσις) means the addition of one or more sounds to a word, especially in the beginning syllable ( prothesis) or in the ending syllable ( paragoge) or in-between two syllabic sounds in a word. The word epenthesis comes from epi- 'in addition to' and en- 'in' and thesis ...
The phoneme / r̝ /, written ř , is a raised alveolar non-sonorant trill. Its rarity makes it difficult to produce for most foreign learners of Czech, who may pronounce it as [rʒ]; however, it contrasts with /rʒ/ in words like ržát [rʒaːt] ('to neigh'), which is pronounced differently from řád [r̝aːt] ('order').
For the distinction between [ ], / / and , see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language. It deals with current phonology and phonetics as well as with historical developments thereof as well as the geographical variants and the influence of ...
The High German consonant shift is a good example of a chain shift, as was its predecessor, the first Germanic consonant shift. For example, phases 1 and 2 left the language without a /t/ phoneme, as this had shifted to /s/ or / t͡s /. Phase 3 filled this gap ( /d/ > /t/ ), but left a new gap at /d/, which phase 4 then filled ( /θ/ > /d/ ).