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  2. Eye chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_chart

    Lea test. logMAR chart. An eye chart is a chart used to measure visual acuity comprising lines of optotypes in ranges of sizes. Optotypes are the letters or symbols shown on an eye chart. [1] Eye charts are often used by health care professionals, such as optometrists, physicians and nurses, to screen persons for vision impairment.

  3. Snellen chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snellen_chart

    Snellen chart is used to estimate visual acuity (last three rows are 20/15, 20/13 and 20/10) A Snellen chart is an eye chart that can be used to measure visual acuity. Snellen charts are named after the Dutch ophthalmologist Herman Snellen who developed the chart in 1862 as a measurement tool for the acuity formula developed by his professor ...

  4. List of optometric abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optometric...

    Description ( notes ) AC. Anterior chamber. fluid-filled space between the iris and the endothelium. AC 4/4. Grade 4 anterior chamber angle. open angle between cornea and iris. AC 3/4. Grade 3 anterior chamber angle.

  5. List of instruments used in ophthalmology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_instruments_used...

    to correct refractive errors of the eye; a little invasive. Phoropter. used in refraction testing. Tonometers. used to determine the intraoccular pressure (IOP) - useful in glaucoma; video link for various types of tonometers. Speculum: to keep the eyes open during any operation. Universal eye speculum.

  6. LogMAR chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LogMAR_chart

    History. The chart was designed by Ian Bailey and Jan E. Lovie-Kitchin at the National Vision Research Institute of Australia. They described their motivation for designing the LogMAR chart as follows: "We have designed a series of near vision charts in which the typeface, size progression, size range, number of words per row and spacings were chosen in an endeavour to achieve a ...

  7. Sloan letters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloan_letters

    Sloan letters, designed by Louise Sloan in 1959, are a set of optotypes used to test visual acuity generally used in Snellen charts and logMAR charts. This set of optotypes consists of ten specially formed "letters", C, D, H, K, N, O, R, S, V and Z. [1] These letters, unlike the ones used in older Snellen charts, are designed to give acuity ...

  8. E chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_Chart

    Eye specialist carrying out eye examination on a patient at a district hospital in Zambia. An E chart, also known as a tumbling E chart, is an ophthalmological chart used to measure a patient's visual acuity. Uses. This chart is useful for patients who are unable to read the Latin alphabet – for example, very young

  9. Landolt C - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landolt_C

    The Landolt C, also known as a Landolt ring, Landolt broken ring, or Japanese vision test, is an optotype: a standardized symbol used for testing vision. It was developed by the Swiss-born ophthalmologist Edmund Landolt . The Landolt C consists of a ring that has a gap, thus looking similar to the letter C. The gap can be at various positions ...