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1800s. 1820s – British Dr. James Arnott, "the father of modern cryosurgery ", starts to use cryotherapy to freeze tumours in the treatment of breast and uterine cancers [ 5] 1880s – American Dr. William Stewart Halsted develops radical mastectomy for breast cancer [ 4] 1890s – German Dr. Westermark used localized hyperthermia to produce ...
Cancer research is research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure. Cancer research ranges from epidemiology, molecular bioscience to the performance of clinical trials to evaluate and compare applications of the various cancer treatments. These applications include surgery ...
The beginnings of the modern era of cancer chemotherapy can be traced directly to the German introduction of chemical warfare during World War I. Among the chemical agents used, mustard gas was particularly devastating. Although banned by the Geneva Protocol in 1925, the advent of World War II caused concerns over the possible re-introduction ...
The ability to invade surrounding tissue and metastasise is a hallmark of cancer. The hallmarks of cancer were originally six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors and have since been increased to eight capabilities and two enabling capabilities. The idea was coined by Douglas Hanahan and Robert ...
The earliest known descriptions of cancer appear in several papyri from ancient Egypt. The Edwin Smith Papyrus was written around 1600 BC (possibly a fragmentary copy of a text from 2500 BC) and contains a description of cancer, as well as a procedure to remove breast tumours by cauterization, stating that the disease has no treatment. [ 1]
The National Cancer Institute ( NCI) coordinates the United States National Cancer Program and is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of eleven agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The NCI conducts and supports research, training, health information dissemination, and other ...
Cancer immunotherapy ( immuno-oncotherapy) is the stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer, improving the immune system's natural ability to fight the disease. [ 1] It is an application of the fundamental research of cancer immunology ( immuno-oncology) and a growing subspecialty of oncology . Cancer immunotherapy exploits the fact that ...
The American Institute for Cancer Research ( AICR) is a large American cancer research organization associated with the World Cancer Research Fund umbrella organization . As of 2024, the charity has a four-star rating from Charity Navigator, with a score of 96 out of 100. [1] One of AICR's major initiatives is the Continuous Update Project (CUP ...