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The Pale of Settlement [a] was a western region of the Russian Empire with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 1917 ( de facto until 1915) in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed and beyond which Jewish residency, permanent or temporary, [1] was mostly forbidden. Most Jews were still excluded from residency in a number of cities ...
v. t. e. The history of the Jews in Russia and areas historically connected with it goes back at least 1,500 years. Jews in Russia have historically constituted a large religious and ethnic diaspora; the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world. [9]
The history of the Jews in France deals with Jews and Jewish communities in France since at least the Early Middle Ages. France was a centre of Jewish learning in the Middle Ages, but persecution increased over time, including multiple expulsions and returns. During the French Revolution in the late 18th century, on the other hand, France was ...
However, the term is widely used to refer to many events which occurred prior to the Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire. Historian of Russian Jewry John Klier writes in Russians, Jews, and the Pogroms of 1881–1882 : "By the twentieth century, the word 'pogrom' had become a generic term in English for all forms of collective violence ...
Shtetl. Shtetl or shtetel is a Yiddish term for the small towns with predominantly Ashkenazi Jewish populations which existed in Eastern Europe before the Holocaust. The term is used in the contexts of peculiarities of former East European Jewish societies as islands within the surrounding non-Jewish populace, and bears certain socio-economic ...
The Jewish population of Europe in 2010 was estimated to be approximately 1.4 million (0.2% of the European population), or 10% of the world's Jewish population. In the 21st century, France has the largest Jewish population in Europe, followed by the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia and Ukraine.
The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO; Russian: Еврейская автономная область (ЕАО), IPA: [jɪˈvrʲejskəjə ɐftɐˈnomnəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ (je a ˈo)]; Yiddish: ייִדישע אװטאָנאָמע געגנט , romanized: Yidishe avtonome gegnt, IPA: [ˈjɪdɪʃə avtɔˈnɔmə ˈɡɛɡn̩t]) is a federal subject of Russia in the far east of the country, bordering ...
Jewish agricultural colonies in the Russian Empire. Jewish agricultural colonies in the Russian Empire, also referred to as individually as koloniya ( pl. kolonii; Russian: колония) were first established in Kherson Governorate in 1806. The ukase of 9 December 1804 allowed Jews for the first time in Russia to purchase land for farming ...