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The five-volume set of the x86-64 Architecture Programmer's Manual, as published and distributed by AMD in 2002. x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) [ note 1] is a 64-bit version of the x86 instruction set, first announced in 1999. It introduced two new modes of operation, 64-bit mode and compatibility mode, along with a new ...
In 2003, 64-bit CPUs were introduced to the mainstream PC market in the form of x86-64 processors and the PowerPC G5 . A 64-bit register can hold any of 2 64 (over 18 quintillion or 1.8×10 19) different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 64 bits depends on the integer representation used.
AMD Athlon (early version), a technically different but fully compatible x86 implementation. x86 (also known as 80x86[ 3] or the 8086 family[ 4]) is a family of complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architectures [ a] initially developed by Intel based on the 8086 microprocessor and its 8-bit-external-bus variant, the 8088.
x86 memory segmentation refers to the implementation of memory segmentation in the Intel x86 computer instruction set architecture. Segmentation was introduced on the Intel 8086 in 1978 as a way to allow programs to address more than 64 KB (65,536 bytes) of memory. The Intel 80286 introduced a second version of segmentation in 1982 that added ...
TEST (x86 instruction) In the x86 assembly language, the TEST instruction performs a bitwise AND on two operands. The flags SF, ZF, PF are modified while the result of the AND is discarded. The OF and CF flags are set to 0, while AF flag is undefined. There are 9 different opcodes for the TEST instruction depending on the type and size of the ...
FLAGS register. The FLAGS register is the status register that contains the current state of an x86 CPU. The size and meanings of the flag bits are architecture dependent. It usually reflects the result of arithmetic operations as well as information about restrictions placed on the CPU operation at the current time.
An instruction set architecture ( ISA) is an abstract model of a computer, also referred to as computer architecture. A realization of an ISA is called an implementation. An ISA permits multiple implementations that may vary in performance, physical size, and monetary cost (among other things); because the ISA serves as the interface between ...
Four registers are used to refer to four segments on the 16-bit x86 segmented memory architecture. DS ( data segment), CS ( code segment), SS ( stack segment), and ES (extra segment). Another 16-bit register can act as an offset into a given segment, and so a logical address on this platform is written segment: offset, typically in hexadecimal ...