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e. In chemistry, pH ( / piːˈeɪtʃ / pee-AYCH ), also referred to as acidity or basicity, historically denotes " potential of hydrogen " (or "power of hydrogen"). [ 1] It is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of aqueous solutions.
Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a soil. Soil pH is a key characteristic that can be used to make informative analysis both qualitative and quantitatively regarding soil characteristics. [ 1] pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the activity of hydronium ions ( H+.
In and of themselves, pH indicators are usually weak acids or weak bases. The general reaction scheme of acidic pH indicators in aqueous solutions can be formulated as: HInd (aq) + H 2 O (l) ⇌ H 3 O + (aq) + Ind − (aq) where, "HInd" is the acidic form and "Ind −" is the conjugate base of the indicator. Vice versa for basic pH indicators ...
v. t. e. Acid strength is the tendency of an acid, symbolised by the chemical formula , to dissociate into a proton, , and an anion, . The dissociation or ionization of a strong acid in solution is effectively complete, except in its most concentrated solutions. Examples of strong acids are hydrochloric acid , perchloric acid , nitric acid and ...
Litmus is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens. It is often absorbed onto filter paper to produce one of the oldest forms of pH indicator, used to test materials for acidity. In an acidic medium, blue litmus paper turns red, while in a basic or alkaline medium, red litmus paper turns blue.
Weak. v. t. e. An acidity function is a measure of the acidity of a medium or solvent system, [1] [2] usually expressed in terms of its ability to donate protons to (or accept protons from) a solute ( Brønsted acidity ). The pH scale is by far the most commonly used acidity function, and is ideal for dilute aqueous solutions.
Universal indicator. A universal indicator is a pH indicator made of a solution of several compounds that exhibit various smooth colour changes over a wide range pH values to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of solutions. A universal indicator can be in paper form or present in a form of a solution. [ 1]
The Hammett acidity function ( H0) is a measure of acidity that is used for very concentrated solutions of strong acids, including superacids. It was proposed by the physical organic chemist Louis Plack Hammett [1] [2] and is the best-known acidity function used to extend the measure of Brønsted–Lowry acidity beyond the dilute aqueous ...