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Social capital is "the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively". [1] It involves the effective functioning of social groups through interpersonal relationships, a shared sense of identity, a shared understanding, shared norms, shared values, trust, cooperation, and reciprocity.
Social finance is a category of financial services that aims to leverage private capital to address challenges in areas of social and environmental need. [ 1] Having gained popularity in the aftermath of the 2007–2008 financial crisis, it is notable for its public benefit focus. [ 2][ 3][ 4] Mechanisms of creating shared social value are not ...
Escalation of commitment. Escalation of commitment is a human behavior pattern in which an individual or group facing increasingly negative outcomes from a decision, action, or investment nevertheless continue the behavior instead of altering course. The actor maintains behaviors that are irrational, but align with previous decisions and actions.
Investment management (sometimes referred to more generally as asset management) is the professional asset management of various securities, including shareholdings, bonds, and other assets, such as real estate, to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of investors. Investors may be institutions, such as insurance companies, pension ...
Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory that studies the social behavior in the interaction of two parties that implement a cost-benefit analysis to determine risks and benefits. The theory also involves economic relationships—the cost-benefit analysis occurs when each party has goods that the other parties value. [ 1]
Finance capitalism or financial capitalism is the subordination of processes of production to the accumulation of money profits in a financial system. [6]Financial capitalism is thus a form of capitalism where the intermediation of saving to investment becomes a dominant function in the economy, with wider implications for the political process and social evolution. [7]
For example, European countries such as the Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Sweden, Norway) and countries like the Netherlands are pioneers in integrating ESG criteria into investment and corporate governance policies. Similarly, these Nordic countries tend today to score relatively well in many international assessments of ESG criteria. [34]
Social investment theory. Social investment theory is a psychological theory that claims that changes in personality traits over time are driven by changes in persons' commitments to social roles and institutions. [ 1] For instance, young adults may undertake efforts to be "more socially dominant, agreeable, conscientious, and less neurotic ...