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Pathogenic bacteria. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (small red dots) in pus from a man with a urethral discharge ( Gram stain) Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. [1] This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless and are often beneficial but others can cause infectious ...
Like all other organisms, bacteria contain ribosomes for the production of proteins, but the structure of the bacterial ribosome is different from that of eukaryotes and archaea. [66] Some bacteria produce intracellular nutrient storage granules, such as glycogen, [67] polyphosphate, [68] sulfur [69] or polyhydroxyalkanoates. [70]
Microbial toxins are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, dinoflagellates, and viruses. Many microbial toxins promote infection and disease by directly damaging host tissues and by disabling the immune system. Endotoxins most commonly refer to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipooligosaccharide (LOS) that are ...
List of Useful Microorganisms Used In preparation Of Food And Beverage. MICROORGANISM. TYPE ( Bacterium / Fungus ) FOOD / BEVERAGE. Acetobacter aceti. bacterium. chocolate. [ 1] Acetobacter aceti.
Enterobacteriaceae. Rahn, 1937. Genera [ 1] See text. Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of Gram-negative bacteria. It includes over 30 genera and more than 100 species. Its classification above the level of family is still a subject of debate, but one classification places it in the order Enterobacterales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in ...
Phase-bright endospores of Paenibacillus alvei imaged with phase-contrast microscopy. An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by some bacteria in the phylum Bacillota. [ 1][ 2] The name "endospore" is suggestive of a spore or seed-like form ( endo means 'within'), but it is not a true spore (i.e., not an ...
The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are either rod-shaped ( bacilli ), or spherical ( cocci ), and are characterized by an increased tolerance to acidity (low pH range). This aspect helps LAB to outcompete other bacteria in a natural fermentation, as they can withstand the increased acidity from organic acid production (e.g., lactic acid ).
Acetic acid bacteria ( AAB) are a group of Gram-negative bacteria which oxidize sugars or ethanol and produce acetic acid during fermentation. [ 1] The acetic acid bacteria consist of 10 genera in the family Acetobacteraceae. [ 1] Several species of acetic acid bacteria are used in industry for production of certain foods and chemicals.