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29271-4. An eye examination, commonly known as an eye test[ 1], is a series of tests performed to assess vision and ability to focus on and discern objects. It also includes other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes. Eye examinations are primarily performed by an optometrist, ophthalmologist, or an orthoptist .
Landolt C. Lea test. logMAR chart. An eye chart is a chart used to measure visual acuity comprising lines of optotypes in ranges of sizes. Optotypes are the letters or symbols shown on an eye chart. [ 1] Eye charts are often used by health care professionals, such as optometrists, physicians and nurses, to screen persons for vision impairment.
Ophthalmology ( / ˌɒfθælˈmɒlədʒi /, OFF-thal-MOL-ə-jee) [ 1] is a clinical and surgical specialty within medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. [ 2] A former term is oculism . An ophthalmologist is a physician who undergoes subspecialty training in medical and surgical eye care. [ 3]
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that lead to damage of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. Glaucoma may cause vision loss if left untreated. It has been called the "silent thief of sight" because the loss of vision usually occurs slowly over a long period of time. [ 5]
The chart was designed by Ian Bailey [5] and Jan E. Lovie-Kitchin at the National Vision Research Institute of Australia. [1] [3] They described their motivation for designing the LogMAR chart as follows: "We have designed a series of near vision charts in which the typeface, size progression, size range, number of words per row and spacings were chosen in an endeavour to achieve a ...
Community ophthalmology. Community ophthalmology was described as a new discipline in medicine promoting eye health and blindness prevention through programs utilizing methodologies of public health, community medicine and ophthalmology in 1978. This new discipline was first proposed [1] by Dr. Patricia E. Bath in 1978 after observations of ...
Ciclosporin, steroid eye drops [ 2] Frequency. ~20% [ 5] Dry eye syndrome, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is the condition of having dry eyes. [ 2] Symptoms include dryness in the eye, irritation, redness, discharge, blurred vision, and easily fatigued eyes. Symptoms range from mild and occasional to severe and continuous. [ 3]
Frequency. 60 million (2015) [ 6 ] A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye that leads to a decrease in vision of the eye. [ 1 ][ 7 ] Cataracts often develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes. [ 1 ] Symptoms may include faded colours, blurry or double vision, halos around light, trouble with bright lights, and difficulty seeing ...