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Ophthalmology ( / ˌɒfθælˈmɒlədʒi /, OFF-thal-MOL-ə-jee) [ 1] is a clinical and surgical specialty within medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. [ 2] A former term is oculism . An ophthalmologist is a physician who undergoes subspecialty training in medical and surgical eye care. [ 3]
Landolt C. Lea test. logMAR chart. An eye chart is a chart used to measure visual acuity comprising lines of optotypes in ranges of sizes. Optotypes are the letters or symbols shown on an eye chart. [ 1] Eye charts are often used by health care professionals, such as optometrists, physicians and nurses, to screen persons for vision impairment.
The chart was designed by Ian Bailey [5] and Jan E. Lovie-Kitchin at the National Vision Research Institute of Australia. [1] [3] They described their motivation for designing the LogMAR chart as follows: "We have designed a series of near vision charts in which the typeface, size progression, size range, number of words per row and spacings were chosen in an endeavour to achieve a ...
In the most familiar acuity test, a Snellen chart is placed at a standard distance: 6 metres. At this distance, the symbols on the line representing "normal" acuity subtend an angle of five minutes of arc, and the thickness of the lines and of the spaces between the lines subtends one minute of arc. This line, designated 6/6 (or 20/20), is the ...
29271-4. An eye examination, commonly known as an eye test[ 1], is a series of tests performed to assess vision and ability to focus on and discern objects. It also includes other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes. Eye examinations are primarily performed by an optometrist, ophthalmologist, or an orthoptist .
Founded in 1898, the AOA is a federation of state, student and armed forces optometric associations. Through these affiliations, the AOA serves members consisting of optometrists, students of optometry, paraoptometric assistants and technicians. Together, the AOA and its affiliates work to provide the public with quality vision and eye care. [ 2]
Orbis International is an international non-profit non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to saving sight worldwide. [ 1][non-primary source needed] Its programs focus on the prevention of blindness and the treatment of blinding eye diseases in developing countries through hands-on training, public health education, advocacy and local ...
The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness ( IAPB) is a global alliance of eye health organisations working for the prevention of blindness and vision impairment. [4] IAPB was established in 1975 to work as an umbrella body for global blindness prevention activities. This agency is a partner of World Health Organization.