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Animation showing a series of crack orientations, each of which is evaluated for fatigue life during Critical plane analysis The chief advantage of critical plane analysis over earlier approaches like Sines rule , or like correlation against maximum principal stress or strain energy density , is the ability to account for damage on specific ...
Low cycle fatigue (LCF) has two fundamental characteristics: plastic deformation in each cycle; and low cycle phenomenon, in which the materials have finite endurance for this type of load. The term cycle refers to repeated applications of stress that lead to eventual fatigue and failure; low-cycle pertains to a long period between applications.
Rainflow counting identifies the closed cycles in a stress-strain curve. The rainflow-counting algorithm is used in calculating the fatigue life of a component in order to convert a loading sequence of varying stress into a set of constant amplitude stress reversals with equivalent fatigue damage.
Within the branch of materials science known as material failure theory, the Goodman relation (also called a Goodman diagram, a Goodman-Haigh diagram, a Haigh diagram or a Haigh-Soderberg diagram) is an equation used to quantify the interaction of mean and alternating stresses on the fatigue life of a material. [1]
Fatigue has traditionally been associated with the failure of metal components which led to the term metal fatigue. In the nineteenth century, the sudden failing of metal railway axles was thought to be caused by the metal crystallising because of the brittle appearance of the fracture surface, but this has since been disproved. [ 1 ]
The fatigue limit or endurance limit is the stress level below which an infinite number of loading cycles can be applied to a material without causing fatigue failure. [1] Some metals such as ferrous alloys and titanium alloys have a distinct limit, [ 2 ] whereas others such as aluminium and copper do not and will eventually fail even from ...
Strength parameters include: yield strength, tensile strength, fatigue strength, crack resistance, and other parameters. [citation needed] Yield strength is the lowest stress that produces a permanent deformation in a material.
One of the first major successes under predictive physics of failure was a formula [9] developed by James Black of Motorola to describe the behavior of electromigration. Electromigration occurs when collisions of electrons cause metal atoms in a conductor to dislodge and move downstream of current flow (proportional to current density ).
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