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A simple fraction (also known as a common fraction or vulgar fraction, where vulgar is Latin for "common") is a rational number written as a / b or , where a and b are both integers. [ 9] As with other fractions, the denominator ( b) cannot be zero. Examples include 1 2 , − 8 5 , −8 5 , and 8 −5 .
The Basel problem is a problem in mathematical analysis with relevance to number theory, concerning an infinite sum of inverse squares. It was first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1650 and solved by Leonhard Euler in 1734, [ 1] and read on 5 December 1735 in The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. [ 2] Since the problem had withstood the attacks ...
For example, 1 / 4 , 5 / 6 , and −101 / 100 are all irreducible fractions. On the other hand, 2 / 4 is reducible since it is equal in value to 1 / 2 , and the numerator of 1 / 2 is less than the numerator of 2 / 4 . A fraction that is reducible can be reduced by dividing both the numerator ...
e. In mathematics, the definite integral. is the area of the region in the xy -plane bounded by the graph of f, the x -axis, and the lines x = a and x = b, such that area above the x -axis adds to the total, and that below the x -axis subtracts from the total. The fundamental theorem of calculus establishes the relationship between indefinite ...
In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions with a simpler denominator. [ 1]
Cauchy principal value. In mathematics, the Cauchy principal value, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a method for assigning values to certain improper integrals which would otherwise be undefined. In this method, a singularity on an integral interval is avoided by limiting the integral interval to the non singular domain.
In mathematical analysis, an improper integral is an extension of the notion of a definite integral to cases that violate the usual assumptions for that kind of integral. [ 1] In the context of Riemann integrals (or, equivalently, Darboux integrals ), this typically involves unboundedness, either of the set over which the integral is taken or ...
Michael Stifel published the following method in 1544. [3] [4] Consider the sequence of mixed numbers,,,, … with = + +.To calculate a Pythagorean triple, take any term of this sequence and convert it to an improper fraction (for mixed number , the corresponding improper fraction is ).