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A check valve, non-return valve, reflux valve, retention valve, foot valve, or one-way valve is a valve that normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction. [1] Check valves are two-port valves, meaning they have two openings in the body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave. There are various ...
Hydraulic analogy. Analogy between a hydraulic circuit (left) and an electronic circuit (right). Electronic-hydraulic analogies are the representation of electronic circuits by hydraulic circuits. Since electric current is invisible and the processes in play in electronics are often difficult to demonstrate, the various electronic components ...
A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is defined as follows: A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process. In the process industry, a standard set of symbols is used to prepare drawings of processes. The instrument symbols used in these drawings are generally based on ...
A double check valve or double check assembly (DCA) is a backflow prevention device designed to protect water supplies from contamination. [ 1] It is different from the two-way check valves (sometimes erroneously referred to as double check valves) used in air brake systems on heavy trucks which select from the highest pressure source.
The most common final control element in the process control industries is the control valve. The control valve manipulates a flowing fluid, such as gas, steam, water, or chemical compounds, to compensate for the load disturbance and keep the regulated process variable as close as possible to the desired set point. [ 1]
This design results in significant increases in servo valve flow capability, stability, and force output. Similarly, three-stage servo valves may use an intermediate stage spool valve to position a larger third stage spool valve. Three-stage servo valves are limited to very high power applications, where significant flows are required.
Pressure drop. Pressure drop (often abbreviated as "dP" or "ΔP") [ 1] is defined as the difference in total pressure between two points of a fluid carrying network. A pressure drop occurs when frictional forces, caused by the resistance to flow, act on a fluid as it flows through a conduit (such as a channel, pipe, or tube ).
A relief valve DN25 on cooling water pipe from heat exchanger Schematic diagram of a conventional spring-loaded pressure relief valve. A relief valve or pressure relief valve (PRV) is a type of safety valve used to control or limit the pressure in a system; excessive pressure might otherwise build up and create a process upset, instrument or equipment failure, explosion, or fire.