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Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. [7] [11] The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980, [10] making smallpox the only human disease to have been eradicated to date.
The mutation rate in poxvirus genomes has been estimated to be 0.9–1.2 x 10 −6 substitutions per site per year. [20] A second estimate puts this rate at 0.5–7 × 10 −6 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. [21] A third estimate places the rate at 4–6 × 10 −6. [22]
Chickenpox. Chickenpox, also known as varicella ( / ˌvɛrəˈsɛlə / VER-ə-SEL-ə ), is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of the herpesvirus family. [ 3][ 7][ 5] The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which ...
Mpox ( / ˈɛmpɒks /, EM-poks; formerly known as monkeypox) [ 6] is an infectious viral disease that can occur in humans and other animals. [ 1] Symptoms include a rash that forms blisters and then crusts over, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. [ 1] The illness is usually mild, and most of infected individuals recover within a few weeks without ...
Squirrelpox virus (SQPV) is a virus that causes the fatal disease squirrelpox in United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland red squirrels. The virus is often carried by grey squirrels from North America, [ 2] which rarely die from the disease. Elsewhere in the Red Squirrel's European range, either the grey squirrel does not occur or it lacks the ...
The only product currently available for treatment of complications of Orthopoxvirus infection is vaccinia immunoglobulin (VIG), which is an isotonic sterile solution of the immunoglobulin fraction of plasma from persons vaccinated with vaccinia virus. It is effective for treatment of eczema vaccinatum and certain cases of progressive vaccinia.
The monkeypox virus (MPV, MPXV, or hMPXV) [1] [a] is a species of double-stranded DNA virus that causes mpox disease in humans and other mammals. It is a zoonotic virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus, making it closely related to the variola, cowpox, and vaccinia viruses.
Orf is a farmyard pox, a type of zoonosis. [ 2] It causes small pustules in the skin of primarily sheep and goats, but can also occur on the hands of humans. [ 3] A pale halo forms around a red centre. [ 4] It may persist for several weeks before crusting and then either resolves or leaves a hard lump. [ 4]