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Freight rate. A freight rate (historically and in ship chartering simply freight [1]) is a price at which a certain cargo is delivered from one point to another. The price depends on the form of the cargo, the mode of transport ( truck, ship, train, aircraft ), the weight of the cargo, and the distance to the delivery destination.
Containerization, also referred as container stuffing or container loading, is the process of unitization of cargoes in exports. Containerization is the predominant form of unitization of export cargoes, as opposed to other systems such as the barge system or palletization. [2] The containers have standardized dimensions.
In economics and related disciplines, a transaction cost is a cost in making any economic trade when participating in a market. The idea that transactions form the basis of economic thinking was introduced by the institutional economist John R. Commons in 1931, and Oliver E. Williamson's Transaction Cost Economics article, published in 2008, popularized the concept of transaction costs.
Shipping cycle. A shipping market cycle or shipping cycle is a particular type of economic cycle. These cycles correct markets when supply and demand are out of balance. Shipping markets are driven by freight rates, which can move up, move down or remain unchanged. Shipping cycles are therefore determined by the fluctuations of these freight rates.
Unit load. The term unit load refers to the size of an assemblage into which a number of individual items are combined for ease of storage and handling, [1] for example a pallet load represents a unit load which can be moved easily with a pallet jack or forklift truck, or a container load represents a unit for shipping purposes.
Definition and functions. A freight forwarder is an entity who co-ordinates and organizes the movement of shipments on behalf of a shipper (party that arranges an item for shipment) by liaising with carriers. [3] A carrier is an entity that actually transports goods and may use a variety of shipping modes, including ships, airplanes, trucks ...
Supply and demand stacked in a conceptual chain. A supply chain, sometimes expressed as a "supply-chain", [1] is a complex logistics system that consists of facilities that convert raw materials into finished products and distribute them [2] to end consumers [3] or end customers. [4] Meanwhile, supply chain management deals with the flow of ...
SCADA. v. t. e. The theory of constraints ( TOC) is a management paradigm that views any manageable system as being limited in achieving more of its goals by a very small number of constraints. There is always at least one constraint, and TOC uses a focusing process to identify the constraint and restructure the rest of the organization around ...