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The Constitution of the Philippines ( Filipino: Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas or Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas) is the supreme law of the Philippines. Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986, and ratified by a nationwide plebiscite on February 2, 1987. The Constitution remains unamended to this day.
As per Article 6, Section 1 of the Constitution, the power of lawmaking is vested in the bicameral Congress, which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. However, the president has some legislative power. [109] The president has the power to veto any bill passed by Congress. Article 6, Section 27 requires that every ...
Executive orders (Filipino: Kautusang tagapagpaganap), [2] according to Book III, Title I, Chapter II, Section 2 of Administrative Code of 1987, refer to the "Acts of the President providing for rules of a general or permanent character in implementation or execution of constitutional or statutory powers.
The government of the Philippines (Filipino: Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas) has three interdependent branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.The Philippines is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic constitutional republic in which the president functions as both the head of state and the head of government of the country within a pluriform ...
Several attempts to enact constitutional reform have taken place in the Philippines in 2024. This originated with President Bongbong Marcos and his allies ' efforts. [ 1][ 2][ 3] The political dispute has been characterized by the conflict between the upper and lower houses of the Congress of the Philippines.
The Supreme Court ruled in 1997 that the People's Initiative method of amending the constitution is "fatally defective", or inoperable. Another ruling in 2006 on another attempt at a People's Initiative was ruled unconstitutional by the court [15] This only leaves the Constituent Assembly and the Constitutional Convention as the valid ways to amend the constitution.
The 1935 Constitution of the Philippines, which served as the basis for the current constitution. The Philippine Legal System is a hybrid form based on the Spanish civil law and American common law system, [32]: 304–305 with a system of Sharia law in place for some areas of law involving Muslims. [33] [26]: 10874
In the Philippines, a constitutional convention is one of the three ways to amend the Constitution of the Philippines. Others include a People's Initiative and the Constituent Assembly. Article XVII, Section 3 of the Constitution says, "The Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of all its Members, call a constitutional convention, or by a ...