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Glossary of mathematical symbols. A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various ...
The plus sign ( +) and the minus sign ( −) are mathematical symbols used to denote positive and negative functions, respectively. In addition, + represents the operation of addition, which results in a sum, while − represents subtraction, resulting in a difference. [ 1 ] Their use has been extended to many other meanings, more or less ...
Addition. 3 + 2 = 5 with apples, a popular choice in textbooks [ 1] Addition (usually signified by the plus symbol +) is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic, the other three being subtraction, multiplication and division. [ 2] The addition of two whole numbers results in the total amount or sum of those values combined.
projection. A projection is, roughly, a map from some space or object to another that omits some information on the object or space. For example, R 2 → R , ( x , y ) ↦ x {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^ {2}\to \mathbb {R} , (x,y)\mapsto x} is a projection and its restriction to a graph of a function, say, is also a projection.
Mathematical notation consists of using symbols for representing operations, unspecified numbers, relations, and any other mathematical objects and assembling them into expressions and formulas. Mathematical notation is widely used in mathematics, science, and engineering for representing complex concepts and properties in a concise ...
In addition to the sign of a real number, the word sign is also used in various related ways throughout mathematics and other sciences: Words up to sign mean that, for a quantity q, it is known that either q = Q or q = −Q for certain Q. It is often expressed as q = ±Q. For real numbers, it means that only the absolute value |q| of the ...
Plus or minus sign. The plus–minus sign or plus-or-minus sign, ±, is a symbol with multiple meanings. In mathematics, it generally indicates a choice of exactly two possible values, one of which is obtained through addition and the other through subtraction.
The following table lists many specialized symbolscommonly used in modern mathematics, ordered by their introduction date. The table can also be ordered alphabetically by clicking on the relevant header title. Symbol. Name. Date of earliest use. First author to use.