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Square root. Notation for the (principal) square root of x. For example, √ 25 = 5, since 25 = 5 ⋅ 5, or 52 (5 squared). In mathematics, a square root of a number x is a number y such that ; in other words, a number y whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or ) is x. [ 1] For example, 4 and −4 are square roots of 16 ...
Spiral of Theodorus. The spiral of Theodorus up to the triangle with a hypotenuse of. In geometry, the spiral of Theodorus (also called the square root spiral, Pythagorean spiral, or Pythagoras's snail) [ 1] is a spiral composed of right triangles, placed edge-to-edge. It was named after Theodorus of Cyrene .
Quadratic formula. The roots of the quadratic function y = 1 2 x2 − 3x + 5 2 are the places where the graph intersects the x -axis, the values x = 1 and x = 5. They can be found via the quadratic formula. In elementary algebra, the quadratic formula is a closed-form expression describing the solutions of a quadratic equation.
An n×n matrix with n distinct nonzero eigenvalues has 2 n square roots. Such a matrix, A, has an eigendecomposition VDV−1 where V is the matrix whose columns are eigenvectors of A and D is the diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements are the corresponding n eigenvalues λi. Thus the square roots of A are given by VD1/2 V−1, where D1/2 is ...
In elementary algebra, root rationalisation is a process by which radicals in the denominator of an algebraic fraction are eliminated.. If the denominator is a monomial in some radical, say , with k < n, rationalisation consists of multiplying the numerator and the denominator by , and replacing by x (this is allowed, as, by definition, a n th root of x is a number that has x as its n th power).
The square root of 2 was the first such number to be proved irrational. Theodorus of Cyrene proved the irrationality of the square roots of non-square natural numbers up to 17, but stopped there, probably because the algebra he used could not be applied to the square root of numbers greater than 17. Euclid's Elements Book 10 is dedicated to ...
In mathematics, the Pell numbers are an infinite sequence of integers, known since ancient times, that comprise the denominators of the closest rational approximations to the square root of 2. This sequence of approximations begins 1 1 , 3 2 , 7 5 , 17 12 , and 41 29 , so the sequence of Pell numbers begins ...
The products of x and y values together form a congruence of squares. This is a classic system of linear equations problem, and can be efficiently solved using Gaussian elimination as soon as the number of rows exceeds the number of columns. Some additional rows are often included to ensure that several solutions exist in the nullspace of our ...