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Canberra ( / ˈkænbərə / ⓘ KAN-bər-ə) is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest Australian city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital ...
There are eight capital cities in Australia, each of which functions as the seat of government for the state or territory in which it is located. One of these, Canberra, is also the national capital. Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia specified that the seat of the national government, that is, the national capital, would be in its ...
Melbourne ( / ˈmɛlbərn / ⓘ MEL-bərn; [note 1] locally [ˈmælbən], Boonwurrung / Woiwurrung: Narrm or Naarm [9] [10]) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia, after Sydney. [11] Its name generally refers to a 9,993 km 2 (3,858 sq mi) metropolitan area also ...
Australia is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states and ten territories: the states of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia; the major mainland Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory; and other minor or external territories.
The Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ), known as the Federal Capital Territory ( FCT) until 1938, is a federal territory of Australia. Canberra, the capital city of Australia, is situated within the territory, and serves as the territory's primate city. It is located in southeastern Australian mainland as an enclave completely within the ...
Due to the Victorian gold rush, Melbourne was Australia's largest city and a potential place for the capital. However Sydney was Australia's oldest city, and so also had a justifiable claim to host the new nation's Federal polity. Western Australia, South Australia and Victoria, Melbourne's state of location —supported Melbourne.
Perth is Australia's fourth-most-populous city, having overtaken Adelaide in 1984. In June 2023 there was an estimated resident population of 2,309,338 in the Greater Perth area, representing an increase of approximately 3.6% from the 2022 estimate of 2,228,020, the highest growth rate of Australia's capital cities.
Adelaide ( / ˈædɪleɪd / ⓘ AD-il-ayd, [8] [9] locally [ˈædəlæɪd]; Kaurna: Tarntanya, pronounced [ˈd̪̥aɳɖaɲa]) is the capital and largest city of South Australia, [10] and the fifth-most populous city in Australia. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre.