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Conversion therapy is the pseudoscientific practice of attempting to change an individual's sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression to align with ...
The history of conversion therapy can be divided broadly into three periods: an early Freudian period; a period of mainstream approval of conversion therapy, when the mental health establishment became the "primary superintendent" of sexuality; and a post- Stonewall period where the mainstream medical profession disavowed conversion therapy. [1]
Conversion therapy is the pseudoscientific practice of attempting to change a person's sexual orientation or gender identity.As of December 2023, twenty-eight countries have bans on conversion therapy, fourteen of them ban the practice by any person: Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Ecuador, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Malta, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, Portugal and Norway; Seven ban its ...
On October 13, 2016, the Miami City Commission voted 3–2 in favor of banning the use of conversion therapy on minors. [122] [123] The ban was sponsored by Commissioner Francis Suarez and took effect that same day. 6. [124] West Palm Beach, Florida. November 7, 2016.
Electroconvulsive therapy. Electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) or electroshock therapy ( EST) is a psychiatric treatment where a generalized seizure (without muscular convulsions) is electrically induced to manage refractory mental disorders. [1] Typically, 70 to 120 volts are applied externally to the patient's head, resulting in approximately ...
Robert Galbraith Heath (May 9, 1915 – September 21, 1999) was an American psychiatrist. [1] [2] He followed the theory of biological psychiatry, which holds that organic defects are the sole source of mental illness, [3] and that consequently mental problems are treatable by physical means. He published 425 papers and three books.
Ole Ivar Løvaas (8 May 1927 – 2 August 2010) was a Norwegian-American clinical psychologist and professor at the University of California, Los Angeles.He is most well known for his research on what is now called applied behavior analysis (ABA) to teach autistic children through prompts, modeling, and positive reinforcement.
Specifically, conversion therapy—efforts to change an individual's sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression—is a practice that is not supported by credible evidence and has been disavowed by behavioral health experts and associations. Conversion therapy perpetuates outdated views of gender roles and identities as well as ...