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The Urdu alphabet ( Urdu: اردو حروفِ تہجی, romanized : urdū ḥurūf-i tahajjī) is the right-to-left alphabet used for writing Urdu. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which itself is derived from the Arabic script. It has official status in the republics of Pakistan, India and South Africa.
Shahmukhi script is a modified version of the Arabic script's Persian alphabet. It is identical to the Urdu alphabet, but contains additional letters representing the Punjabi phonology. For writing Saraiki, an extended Shahmukhi is used that includes 4 additional letters for the implosive consonants (ٻ, ڄ, ݙ, ڳ). [12]
The primary scripture of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib, is written in Gurmukhī, in various dialects and languages often subsumed under the generic title Sant Bhasha [ 8] or "saint language", in addition to other languages like Persian and various phases of Indo-Aryan languages.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindustani ( Hindi and Urdu) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters . See Hindustani phonology, Devanagari ...
For the English speaker, a notable feature of the Hindustani consonants is that there is a four-way distinction of phonation among plosives, rather than the two-way distinction found in English. The phonations are: tenuis, as /p/, which is like p in English spin. voiced, as /b/, which is like b in English bin.
Voiced velar fricative. The voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound that is used in various spoken languages. It is not found in most varieties of Modern English but existed in Old English. [ 1] The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɣ , a Latinized variant of the Greek letter gamma, γ ...
Hindi–Urdu transliteration. Hindi–Urdu (Devanagari: हिन्दी-उर्दू, Nastaliq: ہندی-اردو) (also known as Hindustani) [1] [2] is the lingua franca of modern-day Northern India and Pakistan (together classically known as Hindustan ). [3] Modern Standard Hindi is officially registered in India as a standard written ...
The name Nastaliq "is a contraction of the Persian naskh-i ta'liq ( Persian: نَسْخِ تَعلیق ), meaning a hanging or suspended naskh. " [ 6] Virtually all Safavid authors (like Dust Muhammad or Qadi Ahmad) attributed the invention of nastaliq to Mir Ali Tabrizi, who lived at the end of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century.