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The Urdu alphabet ( Urdu: اردو حروفِ تہجی, romanized : urdū ḥurūf-i tahajjī) is the right-to-left alphabet used for writing Urdu. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which itself is derived from the Arabic script. It has official status in the republics of Pakistan, India and South Africa.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindustani ( Hindi and Urdu) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters . See Hindustani phonology, Devanagari ...
For the English speaker, a notable feature of the Hindustani consonants is that there is a four-way distinction of phonation among plosives, rather than the two-way distinction found in English. The phonations are: tenuis, as /p/, which is like p in English spin. voiced, as /b/, which is like b in English bin.
Shahmukhi script is a modified version of the Arabic script's Persian alphabet. It is identical to the Urdu alphabet, but contains additional letters representing the Punjabi phonology. For writing Saraiki, an extended Shahmukhi is used that includes 4 additional letters for the implosive consonants (ٻ, ڄ, ݙ, ڳ). [12]
The International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet or simply Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, commonly known as the NATO phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used set of clear-code words for communicating the letters of the Roman alphabet. Technically a radiotelephonic spelling alphabet, it goes by various names, including NATO spelling ...
The name Nastaliq "is a contraction of the Persian naskh-i ta'liq ( Persian: نَسْخِ تَعلیق ), meaning a hanging or suspended naskh. " [ 6] Virtually all Safavid authors (like Dust Muhammad or Qadi Ahmad) attributed the invention of nastaliq to Mir Ali Tabrizi, who lived at the end of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century.
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbolsdevised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
Hindi–Urdu transliteration. Hindi–Urdu (Devanagari: हिन्दी-उर्दू, Nastaliq: ہندی-اردو) (also known as Hindustani) [1] [2] is the lingua franca of modern-day Northern India and Pakistan (together classically known as Hindustan ). [3] Modern Standard Hindi is officially registered in India as a standard written ...