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Jazz improvisation is the spontaneous invention of melodic solo lines or accompaniment parts in a performance of jazz music. It is one of the defining elements of jazz. Improvisation is composing on the spot, when a singer or instrumentalist invents melodies and lines over a chord progression played by rhythm section instruments (piano, guitar ...
The white-note major and minor pentatonic scales. Two pentatonic scales common to jazz are the major pentatonic scale and the minor pentatonic scale. They are both modes of one another. The major pentatonic scale begins with a major scale and omits the fourth and the seventh scale degrees.
Sheets of sound. Sheets of sound was a term coined in 1958 by DownBeat magazine jazz critic Ira Gitler to describe the new, unique improvisational style of John Coltrane. [1] [2] Gitler first used the term on the liner notes for Soultrane (1958). [3]
In jazz improvisation, outside playing describes approaches where one plays over a scale, mode or chord that is harmonically distant from the given chord. There are several common techniques to playing outside, that include side-stepping or side-slipping, superimposition of Coltrane changes, [1] and polytonality. [2]
The augmented scale: 0 3 4 7 8 11 (Root, minor 3rd, major 3rd, 5th, augmented 5th, major 7th, or minor 3rd, semitone, minor 3rd, semitone, minor 3rd, semitone) may appear to be an inexplicable omission on Messiaen's part. It is a symmetrical scale used frequently by modern jazz improvisers.
Altered scale. In jazz, the altered scale, altered dominant scale, or Super Locrian scale ( Locrian ♭4 scale) is a seven-note scale that is a dominant scale where all non-essential tones have been altered. This means that it comprises the three irreducibly essential tones that define a dominant seventh chord, which are root, major third, and ...
Symmetric scale. In music, a music scale can have certain symmetries, namely translational symmetry and inversional or mirror symmetry. The most prominent examples are scales which equally divides the octave. [1] The concept and term appears to have been introduced by Joseph Schillinger [1] and further developed by Nicolas Slonimsky as part of ...
Masaya Yamaguchi is also known as a scholar and researcher of the music of Charlie Parker and John Coltrane. David Damsey is a co-author of John Coltrane Plays Coltrane Changes [10] and a professor of music and coordinator of jazz studies at William Paterson University .