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The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'. Most cells are only visible under a microscope.
The eukaryotes ( / juːˈkærioʊts, - əts / yoo-KARR-ee-ohts, -əts) [ 5] constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms are eukaryotes.
Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Their distinctive features include primary cell walls containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, the presence of plastids with the capability to perform photosynthesis and store starch, a large vacuole that regulates turgor pressure, the ...
Cell culture is also a key technique for cellular agriculture, which aims to provide both new products and new ways of producing existing agricultural products like milk, (cultured) meat, fragrances, and rhino horn from cells and microorganisms. It is therefore considered one means of achieving animal-free agriculture.
Cell cycle. Onion ( Allium) cells in different phases of the cell cycle. Growth in an ' organism ' is carefully controlled by regulating the cell cycle. Cell cycle in Deinococcus radiodurans. The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequential series of events that take place in a cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells.
Somatic cells have also been collected in the practice of biobanking. The cryoconservation of animal genetic resources is a means of conserving animal genetic material in response to decreasing ecological biodiversity. [12] As populations of living organisms fall so does their genetic diversity. This places species long-term survivability at risk.
The multicellular animal Henneguya salminicola is known to have retained mitochondrion-related organelles in association with a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] A large number of unicellular organisms , such as microsporidia , parabasalids and diplomonads , have reduced or transformed their mitochondria into other ...
HeLa ( / ˈhiːlɑː /) is an immortalized cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest human cell line and one of the most commonly used. [ 1][ 2] HeLa cells are durable and prolific, allowing for extensive applications in scientific study. [ 3][ 4] The line is derived from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951, [ 5] from ...