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The eukaryotes ( / juːˈkærioʊts, - əts / yoo-KARR-ee-ohts, -əts) [ 5] constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms are eukaryotes.
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'. Most cells are only visible under a microscope.
Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Their distinctive features include primary cell walls containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, the presence of plastids with the capability to perform photosynthesis and store starch, a large vacuole that regulates turgor pressure, the ...
Symbiogenesis ( endosymbiotic theory, or serial endosymbiotic theory[ 2]) is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms. [ 3] The theory holds that mitochondria, plastids such as chloroplasts, and possibly other organelles of eukaryotic cells are descended from formerly free-living prokaryotes ...
Euglena viridisis a freshwater, single cell, mixotrophmicroalgaebearing a secondary chloroplast.[1] Their chloroplastis bounded by three layers of membrane without a nucleomorph.[2] Normally, it is 40–65 μm long, slightly bigger than other well-known Euglenaspecies: Euglena gracilis. [3]
Centrosome. Cell membrane. The cell nucleus (from Latin nucleus or nuculeus 'kernel, seed'; pl.: nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have many.
Cytoplasm. In cell biology, the cytoplasm describes all material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. The main components of the cytoplasm are the cytosol (a gel-like substance), the organelles ...
J. Herbert Taylor. James Herbert Taylor (January 14, 1916 in Corsicana, Texas – December 29, 1998 in Tallahassee, Florida) [1] [2] was an American molecular biologist and geneticist known for his research on chromosome structure and reproduction, which helped establish standards for the subsequent field of molecular genetics.