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‘factor(x, exclude = NULL)’ applied to a factor without ‘NA’s is a no-operation unless there are unused levels: in that case, a factor with the reduced level set is returned. ‘as.factor’ coerces its argument to a factor. It is an abbreviated (sometimes faster) form of ‘factor’. Performance: as.factor > factor when input is a factor
But annoyingly, there is nothing to handle the factor -> numeric conversion. As an extension of Joshua Ulrich's answer, I would suggest to overcome this omission with the definition of your own idiomatic function: as.double.factor <- function(x) {as.numeric(levels(x))[x]}
From my understanding, the currently accepted answer only changes the order of the factor levels, not the actual labels (i.e., how the levels of the factor are called). To illustrate the difference between levels and labels , consider the following example:
I would like to change the format (class) of some columns of my data.frame object (mydf) from charactor to factor. I don't want to do this when I'm reading the text file by read.table() function. ...
When creating the factor from b you can specify the ordering of the levels using factor(b, levels = c(3,1,2,4,5)). Do this in a data processing step outside the lm() call though. My answer below uses the relevel() function so you can create a factor and then shift the reference level around to suit as you need to. –
Using a factor will require that all values are mapped to IDs behind the scenes, so any print of your data.frame requires a lookup on those levels -- an extra step which takes time. Factors are great when storing strings which you don't want to store repeatedly, but would rather reference by their ID.
As of 2021 (still current in early 2023), the current tidyverse/dplyr approach would be to use across, and a <tidy-select> statement.
We commonly use c() to create a vector, but note that even something as simple as x <- "a" or y <- 0 will create a vector, which happens to be of length 1. A factor is a very specific type of vector that is an odd mix of numeric and character, which at first glance seems like a character, but under the hood is actually numeric.
Factor and Categorical are the same, as far as I know. I think it was initially called Factor, and then changed to Categorical. To convert to Categorical maybe you can use pandas.Categorical.from_array, something like this:
Given a (pre-existing) data frame that has columns of various types, what is the simplest way to convert all its character columns to factors, without affecting any columns of other types?