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Jean Piaget in Ann Arbor. Piaget's theory of cognitive development, or his genetic epistemology, is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. It was originated by the Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980). The theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans gradually come ...
The Maturational Theory of child development was introduced in 1925 [ 1] by Dr. Arnold Gesell, an American educator, pediatrician and clinical psychologist whose studies focused on "the course, the pattern and the rate of maturational growth in normal and exceptional children" (Gesell 1928). [ 2] Gesell carried out many observational studies ...
Constructivism in education is a theory that suggests that learners do not passively acquire knowledge through direct instruction. Instead, they construct their understanding through experiences and social interaction, integrating new information with their existing knowledge. This theory originates from Swiss developmental psychologist Jean ...
Learning theory describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained. [ 1][ 2] Behaviorists look at learning as an aspect of ...
Chickering's theory focuses primarily on identity development. It examines this by means of seven vectors of development which contribute to the development of identity: [ 2] These vectors can be thought of as a series of stages or tasks that deal with feeling, thinking, believing, and relating to others. Individuals may progress through the ...
The psychology of learning refers to theories and research on how individuals learn. There are many theories of learning. Some take on a more behaviorist approach which focuses on inputs and reinforcements. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Other approaches, such as neuroscience and social cognition, focus more on how the brain's organization and structure ...
The zone of proximal development is an area of learning that occurs when a person is assisted by a teacher or peer with a higher skill set. [ 1] The person learning the skill set cannot complete it without the assistance of the teacher or peer. The teacher then helps the student attain the skill the student is trying to master, until the ...
Learning styles. Learning styles refer to a range of theories that aim to account for differences in individuals' learning. [ 1] Although there is ample evidence that individuals express personal preferences on how they prefer to receive information, [ 2]: 108 few studies have found validity in using learning styles in education. [ 3]: 267 Many ...