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Renal physiology. This illustration demonstrates the normal kidney physiology, including the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT). It also includes illustrations showing where some types of diuretics act, and what they do. Renal physiology ( Latin rēnēs, "kidneys") is the study of the physiology ...
Blood tests are also used to assess kidney function. These include tests that are intended to directly measure the function of the kidneys, as well as tests that assess the function of the kidneys by looking for evidence of problems associated with abnormal function. One of the measures of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is the formation of a clot in the vein that drains blood from the kidneys, ultimately leading to a reduction in the drainage of one or both kidneys and the possible migration of the clot to other parts of the body. [ 1] First described by German pathologist Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen in 1861, RVT most ...
Chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease ( CKD) is a type of long-term kidney disease, in which either there is a gradual loss of kidney function occurs over a period of months to years, or abnormal kidney structure (with normal function). [ 2][ 5] Initially generally no symptoms are seen, but later symptoms may include leg swelling ...
Graft-versus-host disease ( GvHD) is a syndrome, characterized by inflammation in different organs. GvHD is commonly associated with bone marrow transplants and stem cell transplants . White blood cells of the donor's immune system which remain within the donated tissue (the graft) recognize the recipient (the host) as foreign (non-self).
Kidney. In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs [ 1] that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation. [ 2][ 3] They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about 12 centimetres ( 41⁄2 inches) in ...
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. [ 2] Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney ...
Nephrology, Urology. Acute kidney injury ( AKI ), previously called acute renal failure ( ARF ), [ 1][ 2] is a sudden decrease in kidney function that develops within 7 days, [ 3] as shown by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output, or both. [ 4]
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